吸附铅、镉固定化细菌胞壁多糖小球包埋条件的优化选择

细菌已广泛应用于重金属废水的处理,多糖则是细胞壁的主要成分,并通过螯合作用吸附重金属,而固定化技术具有处理效率高,生产成本低等优势。采用正交实验法,以聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠为包埋剂,同时添加活性炭,硅藻土等对细菌胞壁多糖进行固定化,并以吸附铅、镉能力为主要考察指标,同时从机械强度、传质性、耐酸性等方面综合考虑,选择最优化的固定化小球最佳配方。结果表明,在聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠、活性炭、硅藻土、多糖、二氧化硅和饱和硼酸中氯化钙的质量分数分别为10%、0.2%、1.5%、1.5%、0.8%、4%、3%,胶联时间为16h,己二胺浓度为0.06mol?L-1的条件下制得的固定化小球对铅、镉吸附的能力较强,并按照最佳配方进行了验证实验,对铅的吸附量达到4.4575μmol?g-1,对镉的吸附量达到4.1708μmol?g-1,机械强度、传质性和耐酸性都较好。     

水稻精细胞差异表达基因RSG6的克隆和抗体制备

选用在水稻精细胞和二细胞花粉的差减文库中获得的在精细胞中表达量显著增强且可能代表新基因的EST之一 (BF4 75 2 0 7)为探针 ,筛选水稻精细胞cDNA文库 ,得到一全长为 1176bp的序列 ,其开放读码框编码 2 81个氨基酸 ,与已知蛋白质无明显同源性 ,属于一新发现的基因 ,GenBank登录号为AF4 4 2 4 90 .这是第 1次从高等植物精细胞中分离到的全长基因 .RT PCR结果证明该基因在根、叶、二细胞花粉、成熟花粉、授粉子房和精细胞中均有表达 ,但在精细胞中的表达量要高得多 ,是精细胞差异表达基因 .将此基因命名为RSG6 (ricespermgene6 ) .将RSG6的编码区克隆到表达载体pQE30上 ,构建重组质粒 .经IPTG诱导后 ,在E .coliM15 (pREP4 )中表达出了N端融合了 6×His的融合蛋白 .用纯化的融合蛋白免疫家兔 ,制得高效价、高特异性的抗体     

三价钇对紫露草的遗传毒性研究

用紫露草四分体微核试验法和紫露草雄蕊毛细胞突变法研究了稀土元素三价钇的遗传毒性．结果表明：Y3＋能引起紫露草四分体微核率显著升高，提示Y3＋是诱变剂或纺锤丝毒剂；Y3＋能引起雄蕊毛细胞突变率显著升高，进一步明确Y3＋是诱变剂．     

S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase in amniotic fluid as markers of abdominal wall and neural tube defects in the fetus

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is increased leakage of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein into amniotic fluid in pregnancies with neural tube defects, since both these proteins are produced by neural tissue, and to compare the value of these substances for detecting such defects with that of the more conventional techniques of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gel electrophoresis. Amniotic samples from 25 mid-pregnancies (15–17 weeks' gestation) with neural tube defects (14 with open spina bifida and 11 with anencephaly) and from seven mid-pregnancies with abdominal wall defects were compared with a control material consisting of 80 amniotic fluid samples from 80 consecutive mid-pregnancy amniocenteses, with normal karyotypes and AFP concentrations. All of the above cases of abnormalities were primarily detected through increased AFP levels in the amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid samples from 13 pregnancies with fetuses with autosomal chromosomal abnormalities and seven amniotic fluid samples contaminated with blood were also included in the investigation. It is concluded from the results that the conventional AFP assay combined with AChE gel electrophoresis is the best method for screening amniotic fluid for neural tube defects and defects of the abdominal wall. Neither NSE nor S-100 assay alone proved to be superior for the detection of these cases in mid-trimester amniotic fluid. The S-100 assay, however, could give additional information in cases where AChE gel electrophoresis is not decisive; for example, in samples contaminated with blood.     

3种兽药及饲料添加剂对鱼类的毒理效应

采用斑马鱼、鲤鱼作为生物材料,通过斑马鱼急性毒性试验、胚胎发育试验和鲤鱼肾细胞单细胞凝胶电泳试验,分别从生物个体水平、细胞水平和分子水平,对兽药及饲料添加剂喹乙醇、阿散酸和土霉素进行了生态毒理学效应研究。急性毒性试验结果表明,3种兽药及饲料添加剂在有生态学意义的浓度范围内对斑马鱼的急性毒性均不大;胚胎发育试验结果表明,喹乙醇和阿散酸对斑马鱼胚胎发育72 h的EC50值分别为221.20和239.54 mg.L-1,具有明显的致畸效应;单细胞凝胶电泳试验结果表明,喹乙醇和土霉素均具有一定的遗传毒性,能引起鲤鱼肾细胞DNA的明显损伤,并呈现出一定的剂量-效应关系。     

细胞凋亡的线粒体途径调控

细胞凋亡是近年来研究的一个热点问题，涉及到细胞内许多复杂的生化过程．线粒体是真核生物能量和代谢的中心，也是细胞凋亡信号传导途径中起关键调节作用的细胞器，对细胞凋亡的线粒体途径调控机制进行研究具有重要意义．本文综述了细胞凋亡过程中线粒体途径的信号传导及其调控机制、线粒体对细胞凋亡信号的反应、细胞凋亡过程中线粒体功能丧失几方面的研究进展．图1参43     

五氯酚对鱼鳃丝组织结构及电解质元素的影响

利用场发射扫描电镜观察了罗非鱼在0．05mg L^-1和0．10mg L^-1五氯酚(PCP)中暴露3d，7d和10d后鳃丝上皮组织结构的变化，以及扫描电镜／X-射线能谱联用仪定量分析鳃丝中主要电解质元素Na，Ca和Cl的变化．与CK比较，随着暴露时问的延长和暴露浓度的增加，泌氯细胞出现的密度增加，部分泌氯细胞个体的面积也增大，扁平上皮细胞的微脊碎片数量增加，排列散乱，细胞受损现象明显；鳃丝中Na，Ca和Cl元素的含量总体上呈下降的趋势，在一定程度上说明与Ca^2 、Na^ 和Cl^-运转有关的酶的活性受到抑制．图2参14     

红豆杉细胞抗病反应的诱导及其与紫杉醇合成的关系

采用从红豆杉植株不同部位（叶、内皮、根等）分离筛选获得的各种真菌制备的激发子，对6种不同红豆杉细胞株进行诱导作用研究。结果表明，不同细胞对不同真菌制备的激发子的抗病反应有显著的区别，并建立3种-具菌互作模式：极不相容（细胞抗性强，受损小），不相容（抗性强，受损也较严重），相容（细胞抗性小，受损严重）。结果还表明，极不相容和不相容互作模式中细胞的紫杉醇产量显著高于CK，而相容互作模式的细胞不合有紫杉, 同一真菌由不同的方法制备成的不同分子量大小或不同成分的激发子，对细胞的抗病反应与紫杉醇合成的影响不同,这些结果为诱导作用机理及调控红豆杉细胞合成紫杉醇的研究具有指导意义。     

白眉蝮蛇毒精氨酸酯酶对CHL细胞增殖抑制和染色体畸变的影响

研究了蝮蛇清栓酶的有效成分精氨酸酯酶体外对中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞 (CHL)增殖和染色体畸变的影响 .精氨酸酯酶的浓度以酶活单位U表示 .细胞增殖抑制试验和染色体畸变试验都用两种方法 :直接法和代谢活性法 .精氨酸酯酶设 3个浓度 :1.0× 10 -3 U /mL ,0 .5× 10 -3 U /mL和 0 .2 5× 10 -3U/mL .其中最高浓度比临床治疗浓度高约10 0倍 .细胞增殖抑制试验采用细胞贴壁培养 ,乙醇固定 ,结晶紫染色 ,单层细胞密度计测定细胞密度 .染色体畸变试验采用给药后 2 4h和 48h收集中期分裂细胞 ,低渗固定 ,制片 ,Giemsa染色 ,观察 10 0个中期分裂细胞的染色体结构异常及多倍体的出现率 .试验结果表明 ,精氨酸酯酶在上述浓度对CHL细胞的增殖没有抑制作用 ,对CHL细胞的染色体结构也没有影响 .表 2参 10     

Comparison of the removal of monovalent and divalent cations in the microbial desalination cell

Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a promising technology to desalinate water and generate electrical power simultaneously. The objectives of this study were to investigate the desalination performance of monovalent and divalent cations in the MDC, and discuss the effect of ion characteristics, ion concentrations, and electrical characteristics. Mixed salt solutions of NaCl, MgCl₂, KCl, and CaCl₂ with the same concentration were used in the desalination chamber to study removal of cations. Results showed that in the mixed salt solutions, the electrodialysis desalination rates of cations were: Ca²⁺ >Mg²⁺>Na⁺>K⁺. Higher ionic charges and smaller hydrated ionic radii resulted in higher desalination rates of the cations, in which the ionic charge was more important than the hydrated ionic radius. Mixed solutions of NaCl and MgCl₂ with different concentrations were used in the desalination chamber to study the effect of ion concentrations. Results showed that when ion concentrations of Na⁺ were one-fifth to five times of Mg²⁺, ion concentration influenced the dialysis more profoundly than electrodialysis. With the current densities below a certain value, charge transfer efficiencies became very low and the dialysis was the main process responsible for the desalination. And the phosphate transfer from the anode chamber and potassium transfer from the cathode chamber could balance 1%–3% of the charge transfer in the MDC.